Dual-Domain Multimodal Hyperbolic Fusion for Cardiopulmonary Disease Diagnosis in Emergency Care

Differentiating between cardiac and pulmonary diseases in emergency settings presents a significant challenge due to overlapping symptoms like dyspnea and chest pain, where misdiagnosis can lead to inappropriate interventions and increased morbidity. While electrocardiograms (ECGs) and chest X-rays (CXRs) provide complementary diagnostic information, existing multimodal fusion approaches fail to fully capture the complex relationships between these fundamentally different data modalities. To address these limitations, we propose DDMF-Net, a Dual-Domain Multimodal Fusion Network that explicitly unifies multi-domain features—from both frequency and spatial/temporal perspectives—and conducts cross-modality fusion of ECG, CXR signals and clinical parameters in hyperbolic space, thereby enhancing the modeling of complex cardiopulmonary pathophysiology. Our framework contains three innovations: (1) a frequency fusion module that captures complementary spectral patterns across modalities, (2) an inter-domain fusion module that dynamically balances domain-specific features, and (3) a hyperbolic cross-attention module with soft-entailment loss that effectively models hierarchical relationships between low-level imaging/signal data and high-level clinical parameters. Evaluated on four MIMIC datasets, DDMF-Net achieves state-of-the-art performance with over 2.9% improvement in micro-AUC, enabling more accurate differentiation of cardiac and pulmonary conditions in time-sensitive emergency settings. Code is publicly available at https://anonymous.4open.science/r/Dualdomainmultimodalfusionnetwork.