Computer vision has become a transformative force in healthcare, enabling machines to see, sense, reconstruct, interpret, and assist in ways once reserved for human experts. This talk explores the evolution from image reconstruction and analysis to autonomous systems that can understand clinical context, reason about uncertainty, and act responsibly. Drawing on advances in deep learning, multimodal foundation models, and agentic AI, we will discuss how autonomous imaging pipelines, precision diagnostics, and intelligent interventions and therapy are shaping the future of patient care. The journey toward autonomy represents not only a technological frontier but also a profound shift in how we design, validate, and trust AI systems in medicine.